1. Metabolic Homeostasis and Disorders Involving Inter-organ Communication

1 Cardiovascular , Diabetes , and Metabolic Disorders

Metabolic crosstalk between choline/1-carbon metabolism and energy homeostasis.

There are multiple identified mechanisms involved in energy metabolism, insulin resistance and adiposity, but there are here-to-fore unsuspected metabolic factors that also influence these processes. Studies in animal models suggest important links between choline/1-carbon metabolism and energy homeostasis. Rodents fed choline deficient diets become hypermetabolic. Mice with deletions in one of...

Bone and Muscle Endocrine Functions: Unexpected Paradigms of Inter-organ Communication

Most physiological functions originate with the communication between organs. Mouse genetics has revived this holistic view of physiology through the identification of inter-organ communications that are unanticipated, functionally important, and would have been difficult to uncover otherwise. This Review highlights this point by showing how two tissues usually not seen as endocrine ones, bone ...

irisin and metabolic disorders

Cochlear Homeostasis and Homeostatic Disorders

The concept of homeostasis goes back to the French physiologist Claude Bernard (1813–1878), who stressed that two environments are most important in multicellular organisms, a “milieu extérieur” that surrounds the organism and a “milieu intérieur” as an extracellular fluid space in which the cells of the organism live (Bernard 1878). Bernard recognized the “fixité du milieu intérieur,” which me...